caddisfly larvae identification

These hold on to the case. Some small species are able to swim. This is used to spin a net. Life cycle: When the larva is fully grown, it enters the pupal phase. The portable cases constructed by caddisfly larvae have been assumed to act as a mechanical defense against predatory attacks. The parasitic larva devours the caddisfly larva and remains inside the case to pupate, after which the adult parasite overwinters in the case and emerges in the early … Size: Feeding: endobj Larvae are common and abundant in slow flowing parts of streams and rivers. Hydroptilidae (Microcaddisfly larvae). Caddisfly larvae are more readily identified, with many having distinctive cases. Other characteristics: Larvae have always a hardened (sclerotized) head and first thoracic segment, while the abdomen remains pale and soft. The net, which is stretched across the plant stems, stones, or arms constructed by the larvae, can be in the form of extension of the shelter or placed aside. 3 0 obj Female caddisflies lay masses of eggs on vegetation just above the water surface. Caddisfly larvae have elongated bodies resembling caterpillars of moths and butterflies (similarity as between adults). Most caddisfly larvae are underwater architects and use silk, excreted from salivary glands near their mouths, for building. Chapter Outline. Feeding: Fishermen often gather them for use as bait for trout and other game fish. Caddisfly - Caddisfly - Evolution and paleontology: The caddisflies were long classified in the order Neuroptera. Caddisfly Basics Caddisflies are insects of the Order Trichoptera (hairy wing) and related to butterflies & moths, Order Lepidoptera (scaly wing). Predators feeding on various insect larvae and other small invertebrates. Size: They are made of silk and vide range of materials (some are made exclusively of silk). The ecnomid caddisfly larvae have at least some hardening (sclerotisation) on each of the 3 thoracic segments. The larva attaches the case to some solid object, as like stone or a larger piece of submerged wood, and seals the opening. As like in moths, caddisflies are active at night and attracted to light (representing important food source for bats). Although a few species have been recorded as pests in rice paddies, most caddisflies have very little economic importance. Climbers or crawlers resembling hermit crabs. Last but not least, some large species can incorporate cases of other smaller species into their own big cases. Forewings usually dark, sturdy, sometimes with striking color patterns, held tightly together roof-like over the abdomen when at rest. Most caddisfly larvae live in cases they build out of sand, rock, twigs, leaf pieces, and any other kind of underwater debris. Caddisflies can be divided loosely into three behavioral groups based on their use of silk: net-making caddisflies and case-making caddisflies, both of which may enlarge their structures throughout their larval lifespan; and free-living caddisflies, which only make such structures prior to pupation. Accordingly, larvae live in the fastest sections of clean rivers and streams. Hydropsychidae (Net-spinning caddisfly larvae) Most species cannot be identified beyond genus level. Net-spinning caddisfly larvae construct fixed retreats of both organic and inorganic materials. Caddisfly larvae are also remarkable because of the exquisite food-catching nets and portable cases they construct with silk and selected pieces of plant and rock materials. Polycentropodidae (Tube-making and Trumpet-net caddisfly larvae) Their life cycle includes four stages – egg, larva, pupa and adult. The most common places where the larvae build their shelters are on the rocks and in the clefts between the stones. Some even generate their own cases out of silk. Limnephilidae (Case-building caddisfly larvae) Identification manual for the caddisfly (Trichoptera) larvae of Florida (Revised edition) Order Trichoptera Kirby, 1813. Leptoceridae (Case-building caddisfly larvae) What is this bug? Caddisfly larvae are aquatic, slender, with a segmented abdomen that is usually hidden within a portable protective case. The constructions are spliced together and glued down to the substrate by a silken thread. Selection of Hydroptilidae cases IDENTIFICATION MANUAL FOR THE CADDISFLY (TRICHOPTERA) LARVAE OF FLORIDA REVISED EDITION 2004 by Manuel L. Pescador, Ph.D. <>/Pattern<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 960 540] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> Moreover, insects undergoing transformation inside the case undulate, in order to create flow of oxygenated water around the body. The larvae have 6 legs, but also 2 terminal prolegs ending in hooks. Brachycentridae (Case-building caddisfly larvae) �c�溇}�k�Q W� �cۊ�y�K@���@��E�q���>S�zq����ۥ�d�#S/�st��4������2;��="�p��x�x�S�:���;5����/\r��$�r�'� >�QkxI����y���o�;�A����� �gyb؟��8G]���W�����. Movement: Females lay eggs on the edge of the water or by females dipping their abdomen into the surface of the water. They pupate inside the case while they are still underwater. The net may be used as a scaffold to build a case, or to form a tunnel Caddisfly larvae are well known for their underwater architecture, with some taxa constructing elaborate cases out of a range of materials. The micro-caddis of the family Hydroptilidae have cases only a few millimetres long but most of the genera make distinctive cases and all are laterally flattened. The major reason making caddisflies so successful and widespread is their ability to produce a silken thread. There is tremendous variation in case style and also in the way the larvae manage their cases: whether they replace it as they grow or renovate their old one, and whether they carry it around or fix it to an object. This knowledge gap hinders the application of caddisfly larvae in programs to assess and monitor water quality, to study the ecological importance of this important component of aquatic ecosystems, and to document the biodiversity of the region. Caddisflies undergo complete metamorphosis. When the larvae are fully grown and ready to pupate, they fortify the retreats with additional material and seal the entrance. ID Key. Clingers/crawlers – larvae spend most of the time in retreats, where they check a haul in the net. Collectors/filterers – omnivorous larvae feed on algae, detritus and small invertebrates that get caught in the net. In some cases, caddisfly larvae exhibit cannibalism, with one species preying upon another. Insects. The mouthparts are paired and straight, while moths have a long and coiled tube (proboscis). ----- EPA-600/4-78-060 October 1978 A MANUAL FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF THE LARVAE OF THE CADDISFLY GENERA HIDROPSICHE PICTET AND SIMPEITOPSJCEE ULMER IN EASTERN AND CENTRAL NORTH AMERICA (TRICHOPTERA:HYDROPSYCHIDAE) by Guenter A. Schuster State Biological Survey of Kansas The University of Kansas Lawrence, Kansas 66044 and David A- Etnier Dept. A characteristic of flies of this order is the long antennae - in many species more than double the body length. Feeding: Besides availability, the choice of materials depends on the environment. 31 2000 Preliminary keys for the identification of the Australian caddisfly larvae of the families Antipodoeciidae, Atriplectididae, Limnephilidae and Plectrotarsidae John Dean $19.80 30 2000 Preliminary keys for identification of Australian caddisfly larvae of the families Odontoceridae, Kokiriidae and Oeconesidae Ros St Clair $19.80 Abdomen terminates with a pair of prolegs equipped with claws. order. Sericostomatidae (Case-building caddisfly larvae) Get this from a library! Size: Mature larvae can grow up to sizes around 30 mm. identification of most cased caddis larvae. There are approximately 14,500 described species, most of which can be divided into the suborders Integripalpia and Annulipalpia on the basis of the adult mouthparts. If disturbed, larva can retreat into the case, which is constantly being repaired when damaged, or rebuilt as the larva grows. Filterers/predators – larvae feed on organic debris and invertebrates that get caught in the net. Caddisflies. abdomen with dents and tufts of gills; strong prolegs bearing claws; large mandibles; sclerotized labrum (upper lip) oval in shape; second and third thoracic segments lack hardened plates <> When the larvae hatch from the eggs, they fall into water and immediately start to build protective cases. They use various parts of living or death vegetation such as twigs, stems, leaves, needles or pieces of bark. The size of caddisfly larvae varies from 3 mm to approximately 40 mm (cases of some large species can reach sizes around 60 mm). Net-spinning larvae are among the most abundant caddisfly larvae in running waters. Case-building caddisfly larvae use the silk to construct various portable shelters. Larvae undulate their body to create a flow of oxygenated water through the case. %PDF-1.5 Abdomen is lined with obvious tufts of branched gills and ends with well developed prolegs. Professor of Entomology Florida A&M University Tallahassee, Florida 32307-4100 and Research Associate Florida State Collection of Arthropods Gainesville, Florida 32611 Andrew K. Rasmussen, Ph.D. Research Associate Entomology, Center for … Net-spinning larvae are common and abundant in running waters of streams and rivers. %���� Caddisfly larvae may serve as food for fish and other aquatic vertebrates. Larvae are sensitive to pollution and for this reason are used worldwide as the indicators of water quality. However, a few are very distinctive. Adults live for about one month and feed on nectar absorbed by simple mouthparts. Net may be equipped with silken threads extending the entrance. 2 0 obj Mesh size and diameter of the net varies among the species and equally as the speed of the current, influence the amount of filtered water. The cases that caddisfly larvae construct provide protection from predators, but also provide camouflage, helping them blend into their surroundings. Caddisflies, inconspicuous brown to gray insects, are the ecologically diverse and important group of insects. Caddisfly larvae obtain oxygen dissolved in water through thin and soft skin. All three thoracic segments are covered with sclerotized plates. Introduction 237. This book is the most comprehensive existing reference on the aquatic larval stages of the 149 Nearctic genera of Trichoptera, comprising more than 1400 species in North America. Habitat: Identification. Some caddisfly larvae cut these leaves and use them to build floating cases. Antennae are very small and can be seen only when using high magnification. Habitat: Phryganeidae (Case-building caddisfly larvae) However, previous studies have compared the survival of caddisflies with different cases, thereby precluding an analysis of the survival benefits of “weaker” case materials. Movement: Pupal cases can be perforated and thus water permeable. Their wings are covered with hairs instead of scales, as like in moths. The eggs are laid above water on emergent twigs or vegetation or on the water surface although females of some species enter water to choose sites. The behaviours, type of materials used, and the shape of the case often being diagnostic for trichopteran identification (Weaver and Morse 1986, Wiggins 1996, 2004). Larvae of the North American caddisfly genera (Trichoptera). seeds of terrestrial plants or snail shells). Unlike the … For example, some form rounded, humped cases from coarse sand, whilst others build lumpy cases from cut pieces of plant. Rhyacophilidae (Free-living caddisfly larvae) However, the two groups are now thought to represent different evolutionary lines. Identification of larvae to species is not possible in some genera. Position and size of the plates are often important identification features among the species. Caddisfly larvae are aquatic, with six pairs of tracheal gills on the underside of the abdomen. The movement of the larvae inside the case helps to draw a steady current of water past the gills enabling a constant supply of oxygen. However, they are abundant on roots and in tangles of aquatic plants as well. Feeding: Larvae of some species move under the rocks, where they build solid shelters of sand and stones to protect the transforming pupae. The RED / AMBER / GREEN dots indicate how easy it is to identify the species - see our Identification Difficulty page for more information. Their life cycle includes four stages – egg, larva, pupa and adult. In general, larvae living in running water use heavier components to increase their overall weight. Although most species lay … Subsequently creates the cocoon of silk around the body. Many larvae construct portable silk cases, often incorporating organic and inorganic materials from the surrounding stream habitat, so it is important when collecting invertebrates to carefully investigate apparent sticks, stems and sand grain masses for movement, legs and heads. Caddisflies are closely related to moths (order Lepidoptera), which they are often mistaken for. Phil Rowley teaches us some of the fundamentals about Caddis flies which are an important food source for trout. of Zoology The … Individual species can be difficult to identify. Caddisfly larvae have very soft bodies, and the case also acts as a barrier from the abrasive substrate. It is spun by glands placed on the labium (the same part of the head as dragonflies modified into hunting mask). Most species produce one or two generations per year. Larvae do not live in protective cases or retreats, but like other caddisfly larvae, they build protective structures for the pupae. Consequently, species depending on algae use smaller mesh size than the species specializing on animal prey. Case-building larvae are the most diverse and abundant group, living in both running and still waters. Mature larvae can grow up to sizes around 25 mm (fixed nets may be huge in comparison to the size of the larvae). <>>> The head has chewing mouthparts, and there are 3 pairs of legs at the front of the body. Movement: endobj Cases come in large variety of shapes and structures. When a passing prey touches the threads, larva grabs it in the similar way as spiders do. Life Cycle: Adult caddisflies are short lived and spend most of their time mating or laying eggs. Most complete in one year but some take 2-3 years. Used construction material can be important for identification, although some larvae change it as they grow, or as seasonal materials become available (e.g. Contained families: Position and size of the plates are often important identification features … Life Cycle: Adults Eggs Larvae Pupae Adults. Case-building larvae can be found in variety of ecosystems from small ponds and streams to large lakes and rivers. Odontoceridae (Case-building caddisfly larvae) The Trichoptera, or Caddisflies, are an order of insects, somewhat related to moths, and of which there are just under 200 species in the British Isles. Second and third thoracic segments can be covered with hardened chitinous plates as well. They protect soft abdomen from predators and abrasion from coarse particles drifting in stream. Mature larvae can grow up to sizes around 20 mm (fixed shelters may be huge in comparison to the size of the larvae). The most common brachycentrid genus uses its middle and hind legs to filter food from the water and … All caddis produce silk from labial (lower lip) glands. :�;;�ӗ��^�g/ܗ_>�����8��W��o��]^x��}��77�w%{�����߾pw�Ͼ����>�NjW��o�߹���Esw�þ����o�������������߿{��pﾦ�ݏ];�%ׄ 2�K�ý���-#���һ��i�5W��]�aI�"~�%w��H˨.��T,^~Ƕ��K��i�y)�����C���ڱwZBp�����U&��u�(Z�%%���~��?r���5/Y����rYjp%-md�;^]�(p��mW9����n0˄�w}�R��%�`!��f�4nx��N�ǃP�R�l�����H.�e`߈��*x�G��X�sm�K�x�RRs�U�`��+LRdR�ĵ)/����"�����gM� U���C�����q�ֺ��D��9��慑2b�ȠP��Ō&zD͘�|>.�~) Movement: The name means 'hairy-winged', and indeed they differ from moths in having hairs rather than scales on their wings, amongst other differences. Larvae have always a hardened (sclerotized) head and first thoracic segment, while the abdomen remains pale and soft. As they graze, caddisfly larvae may consume a significant portion of the available algae in the stream. Some aquatic plants developed modification involving the use of air chambers in the leaves (in order to be held in vertical position). … Some species with large mouthparts shred leaves of terrestrial plants fallen into the water. Other characteristics: Legs can have modifications as like sharp endings, hooks, or rows of setae. Prolegs are equipped with claws used to hold the larvae inside the retreat or on the substrate when crawling around. Introduction: Molannidae (Hood casemaker caddisfly larvae) Most species produce one generation per year. They build silk nets in swift water to snare food particles. <> Larvae. Habitat: Notes: Brachycentrid caddisfly larvae build cases from strips of material, which are assembled into an elongate case with four sides (most common) or rounded sides. The parasitic wasp seeks its host underwater and lays its eggs inside the caddisfly larval case. Hydropsychidae — Most larvae are filter feeders. Habitat: Identification Adults resemble moths, but wings are hairy instead of scaly. Larvae crawl among the stones and sediments, or lurk for a prey in clumps of moss and algae. The larvae are omnivorous. Net-spinning larvae are apparently territorial and defend space around their retreats from other competitors. PDF | On Jan 1, 1995, Manuel L Pescador and others published Identification manual for the caddisfly (Trichoptera) larvae of Florida | Find, read and cite all the research you need on ResearchGate [Glenn B Wiggins] They are used to anchor the larvae in the case. Size: Caddisfly larvae are sometimes called “sticks that walk”. Most species of free-living caddisflies are very sensitive to pollution and level of dissolved oxygen. Previous chapter in book; Next chapter in book; Keywords. Some species are still known only as adults, while their larval stages have not been described yet. Identification manual for the caddisfly (Trichoptera) larvae of Florida @inproceedings{Pescador1995IdentificationMF, title={Identification manual for the caddisfly (Trichoptera) larvae of Florida}, author={M. Pescador and A. Rasmussen and S. Harris}, year={1995} } Caddisfly larvae are also remarkable because of the exquisite food-catching nets and portable cases they construct with silk and selected pieces of plant and rock materials. Some species have branched gills or humps on the sides of the body (in order to increase the body surface). Retreats are equipped with trapping nets, positioned perpendicular to the current, in order to capture organic particles and even small animals drifting in a stream. Their purpose is to help the larvae in movement, building the shelter, or collecting food. Life cycle: Trichoptera - the Caddis or Sedge Flies This is quite a large order of insects with wings which, when at rest, are held along the body in the form of a ridge tent. It helps them when moving in the current, or even prevents from being washed downstream. This book is the most comprehensive existing reference on the aquatic larval stages of the 149 Nearctic genera of Trichoptera, comprising more than 1400 species in North America. long segmented body; abdomen lacks gills; strong prolegs bearing claws; spotty head; sclerotized labrum (upper lip) is oval in shape; second and third thoracic segments without hardened plates. Continually submerged stones and pieces of wood provide the best substrate for growth of algae and periphyton, which the larvae effectively scrap. endobj Les trichoptères (Trichoptera) constituent un ordre d'insectes qui regroupe plus de 12 000 espèces [1].Ils sont apparentés de près aux lépidoptères (mites et papillons), mais adaptés pour la vie en eau douce dans leur stade larvaire Shredders/scrapers/collectors – larvae mostly feed on periphyton (layer of algae and associated flora and fauna) and pieces of both aquatic and terrestrial vegetation. Eyes are small and simple. This behavior increases filtering and capturing efficiency of the net. Photograph by Aka licensed under Creative Commons. All members of the order Trichoptera are aquatic as in the stages of larvae and pupae, while adults are terrestrial. Second and third thoracic segments can be covered with hardened chitinous plates as well. A Sociotechnical System Supporting Taxonomic Identification Activities in Volunteer-Based Water Quality Biomonitoring × Macroinvertebrates.org. Larvae continuously clean their nets by picking off inorganic pieces and consuming organic matter. Caddisfly larvae have elongated bodies resembling caterpillars of moths and butterflies (similarity as between adults). Identification. Introduction: Caddisfly larvae and Cascade frog tadpole - Flickr - brewbooks (2).jpg 1 484 × 1 214 ; 824 Kio Disheveled Caddisfly - Flickr - treegrow.jpg 3 573 × 2 679 ; 2,64 Mio Esquema da região cefálica de Trichoptera.png 400 × 300 ; 240 Kio Clingers which spend most of the time in fixed nets where wait for a prey. Caddisfly larvae, however, have only a single pair located near the tip of the abdomen. Pair of segmented legs extends from each thoracic segment. 4 0 obj On the other hand, the larvae inhabiting still water tend to build their cases of lightweight materials. Caddisflies There are 199 British and Irish species of caddisfly of which 3 have only been recorded in Ireland. While moving, larvae spin silken thread, which helps them to maintain in the current. Net-making caddisflies usually live in running water, and their nets, often made amongst aqua… Caddisflies undergo complete metamorphosis. x��Z�n�|'��G� Ws� ��Xv0����A8�l!&�Ht�|R�2Uճ{�Pԡ? The larvae of caddisflies can be distinguished by the claws on the thoracic legs and the anal prolegs. 1 0 obj stream Ancestral Mecoptera (scorpionflies) probably gave rise to the Neuroptera (lacewings), Trichoptera (caddisflies), and Lepidoptera (moths, butterflies). Active at night and attracted to light ( representing important food source for trout other... Glands placed on the sides of the time in retreats, where they check a haul the. Also provide camouflage, helping them blend into their own cases out of silk and vide of. 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Most caddisfly larvae are well known for their underwater architecture, with one species preying upon another are the abundant...

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